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href="#6-2-%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96%E5%8D%8A%E5%AD%97%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE"><span class="nav-text">6.2 读取半字数据</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#6-3-%E4%B8%8D%E6%A3%80%E6%9F%A5%E6%93%A6%E9%99%A4%E7%9A%84%E5%86%99%E5%85%A5"><span class="nav-text">6.3 不检查擦除的写入</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#6-4-%E5%86%99%E5%85%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E5%8D%8A%E5%AD%97%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE"><span class="nav-text">6.4 写入指定半字数的数据</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#6-5-%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E5%8D%8A%E5%AD%97%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE"><span class="nav-text">6.5 读取指定半字数的数据</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#6-6-%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="nav-text">6.6 测试函数</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%81%E5%86%85%E9%83%A8Flash%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%BB%E5%86%99%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4"><span class="nav-text">二、内部Flash的读写保护</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-%E5%BA%93%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E"><span class="nav-text">1. 库函数说明</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-1-%E9%80%89%E9%A1%B9%E5%AD%97%E8%8A%82%E4%B8%8A%E9%94%81%E3%80%81%E8%A7%A3%E9%94%81"><span class="nav-text">1.1 选项字节上锁、解锁</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-2-%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E9%80%89%E9%A1%B9%E5%AD%97%E8%8A%82%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="nav-text">1.2 设置选项字节函数  </span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-3-%E5%86%99%E5%85%A5%E9%80%89%E9%A1%B9%E5%AD%97%E8%8A%82"><span class="nav-text">1.3 写入选项字节  </span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" 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    <div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>本文主要是STM32开发——内部FLASH基本操作的一些相关笔记，若笔记中有错误或者不合适的地方，欢迎批评指正😃。</p>
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<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看使用工具及版本 </summary>
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              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center" width=150px>Windows</td>        <td align="left">windows11</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Ubuntu</td>        <td align="left">Ubuntu16.04的64位版本</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">VMware® Workstation 16 Pro</td>        <td align="left">16.2.3 build-19376536</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">SecureCRT</td>        <td align="left">Version 8.7.2 (x64 build 2214)   -   正式版-2020年5月14日</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">开发板</td>        <td align="left">正点原子 i.MX6ULL Linux阿尔法开发板</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">uboot</td>        <td align="left">NXP官方提供的uboot，NXP提供的版本为uboot-imx-rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga(使用的uboot版本为U-Boot 2016.03)</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">linux内核</td>        <td align="left">linux-4.15(NXP官方提供)</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">STM32开发板</td>        <td align="left">正点原子战舰V3(STM32F103ZET6)</td>      </tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看本文参考资料 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <ul><li>通用</li></ul><table><tr><td align="center">分类  </td><td align="center">网址</td><td align="center">说明</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="4">官方网站</td><td align="left"><a href="https://www.arm.com/" target="_blank">https://www.arm.com/</a></td><td align="left">ARM官方网站，在这里我们可以找到Cotex-Mx以及ARMVx的一些文档</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://www.st.com/content/st_com/zh.html" target="_blank">https://www.st.com/content/st_com/zh.html</a></td><td align="left">ST官方网站，在这里我们可以找到STM32的相关文档</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://www.stmcu.com.cn/" target="_blank">https://www.stmcu.com.cn/</a></td><td align="left">意法半导体ST中文官方网站，在这里我们可以找到STM32的相关中文参考文档</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/00index_e.html" target="_blank">http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/00index_e.html</a></td><td align="left">FatFs文件系统官网</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="3">教程书籍</td><td align="left"><a href="STM32开发相关资料/01ARM参考资料/ARM Cortex-M3权威指南(中文).pdf" target="_blank">《ARM Cortex-M3权威指南》</a></td><td alirn="left" rowspan="3">ARM公司专家Joseph Yiu（姚文祥）的力作，中文翻译是NXP的宋岩</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="STM32开发相关资料/01ARM参考资料/ARM Cortex-M0权威指南(中文).pdf" target="_blank">《ARM Cortex-M0权威指南》</a></td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="" target="_blank">《ARM Cortex-M3与Cortex-M4权威指南》</a></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="4">开发论坛</td><td align="left"><a href="http://47.111.11.73/forum.php" target="_blank">http://47.111.11.73/forum.php</a></td><td align="left">开源电子网，正点原子的资料下载及问题讨论论坛</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://www.firebbs.cn/forum.php" target="_blank">https://www.firebbs.cn/forum.php</a></td><td align="left">国内Kinetis开发板-野火/秉火（刘火良）主持的论坛，现也做STM32和i.MX RT</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://www.amobbs.com/index.php" target="_blank">https://www.amobbs.com/index.php</a></td><td align="left">阿莫（莫进明）主持的论坛，号称国内最早最火的电子论坛，以交流Atmel AVR系列单片机起家，现已拓展到嵌入式全平台，其STM32系列帖子有70W+。</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="http://download.100ask.net/index.html" target="_blank">http://download.100ask.net/index.html</a></td><td align="left">韦东山嵌入式资料中心，有些STM32和linux的相关资料也可以来这里找。</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="3">博客参考</td><td align="left"><a href="http://www.openedv.com/" target="_blank">http://www.openedv.com/</a></td><td align="left">开源网-原子哥个人博客</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="http://blog.chinaaet.com/jihceng0622" target="_blank">http://blog.chinaaet.com/jihceng0622</a></td><td align="left">博主是原Freescale现NXP的现场应用工程师</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://community.arm.com/arm-community-blogs/b/architectures-and-processors-blog/posts/cortex-m-resources" target="_blank">cortex-m-resources</a></td><td align="left">这其实并不算是一个博客，这是ARM公司专家Joseph Yiu收集整理的所有对开发者有用的官方Cortex-M资料链接（也包含极少数外部资源链接）</td></tr></table><ul><li>STM32</li></ul><table>    <tr><td align="center" rowspan="2">STM32</td><td align="left"><a href="https://doc.embedfire.com/mcu/stm32/f103/hal_general/zh/latest/index.html" target="_blank">STM32 HAL库开发实战指南——基于F103系列开发板</a></td><td align="left">野火STM32开发教程在线文档</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://doc.embedfire.com/mcu/stm32/f103badao/std/zh/latest/index.html" target="_blank">STM32库开发实战指南——基于野火霸道开发板</a></td><td align="left">野火STM32开发教程在线文档</td></tr></table><ul><li>SD卡</li></ul><table>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.sdcard.org/" target="_blank">SD Association</a></td><td align="left">提供了SD存储卡和SDIO卡系统规范</td></tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看相关文件下载 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/stm32f103ze.pdf" target="_blank">STM32F103xx英文数据手册</a></td><td align="left">STM32F103xC/D/E系列的英文数据手册</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.stmcu.com.cn/Designresource/detail/localization_document%20/709978" target="_blank">STM32F103xx中文数据手册</a></td><td align="left">STM32F103xC/D/E系列的中文数据手册</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.st.com/resource/en/reference_manual/rm0008-stm32f101xx-stm32f102xx-stm32f103xx-stm32f105xx-and-stm32f107xx-advanced-armbased-32bit-mcus-stmicroelectronics.pdf" target="_blank">STM32F10xxx英文参考手册（RM0008）</a></td><td align="left">STM32F10xxx系列的英文参考手册</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.stmcu.com.cn/Designresource/detail/localization_document%20/710001" target="_blank">STM32F10xxx中文参考手册（RM0008）</a></td><td align="left">STM32F10xxx系列的中文参考手册</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://developer.arm.com/documentation/100165/0201/?lang=en" target="_blank">Arm Cortex-M3 处理器技术参考手册-英文版</a></td><td align="left">Cortex-M3技术参考手册-英文版</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.st.com/resource/en/programming_manual/pm0056-stm32f10xxx20xxx21xxxl1xxxx-cortexm3-programming-manual-stmicroelectronics.pdf" target="_blank">STM32F10xxx Cortex-M3编程手册-英文版(PM0056)</a></td><td align="left">STM32F10xxx/20xxx/21xxx/L1xxxx系列Cortex-M3编程手册-英文版</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/pls/" target="_blank">SD卡相关资料——最新版本</a></td><td align="left">有关SD卡的一些资料可以从这里下载</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/pls/archives/" target="_blank">SD卡相关资料——历史版本</a></td><td align="left">有关SD卡的一些历史版本资料可以从这里下载，比如后边看的SD卡2.0协议</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="./" target="_blank">SD 2.0 协议标准完整版</a></td><td align="left">这是一篇关于SD卡2.0协议的中文文档，还是比较有参考价值的，可以一看</td></tr></table>
              </div>
            </details> 

<p>我这里使用的是STM32CubeMX来配置生成工程，使用的就是HAL库，由于内部Flash不需要我们来做初始化，所以软件不用配置，我们直接调用相应的驱动函数即可。这些可以操作内部Flash的函数声明都存在于 以下几个文件中：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">stm32f1xx_hal_flash_ex.h</span><br><span class="line">stm32f1xx_hal_flash.h </span><br><span class="line">stm32f1xx_hal_flash_ex.c</span><br><span class="line">stm32f1xx_hal_flash.c </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>关于Flash的相关资料，ST官方有另外的文档，叫做STM32F10xxx闪存编程手册，英文版在这里：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.st.com/resource/en/programming_manual/pm0075-stm32f10xxx-flash-memory-microcontrollers-stmicroelectronics.pdf">STM32F10xxx Flash memory microcontrollers</a>，这个手册也有中文版，但是只有本地可看：<a href="STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99/04STM32%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99/STM32F10xxx%E9%97%AA%E5%AD%98%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C.pdf">STM32F10xxx闪存编程参考手册</a></p>
<h1 id="一、对内部Flash的读写过程"><a href="#一、对内部Flash的读写过程" class="headerlink" title="一、对内部Flash的读写过程"></a><font size=3>一、对内部Flash的读写过程</font></h1><h2 id="1-解锁"><a href="#1-解锁" class="headerlink" title="1. 解锁"></a><font size=3>1. 解锁</font></h2><h3 id="1-1-解锁步骤"><a href="#1-1-解锁步骤" class="headerlink" title="1.1 解锁步骤"></a><font size=3>1.1 解锁步骤</font></h3><p>由于内部 FLASH 空间主要存储的是应用程序，是非常关键的数据，为了防止误操作修改了这些内容，芯片复位后默认会给控制寄存器 FLASH_CR 上锁，这个时候不允许设置 FLASH 的控制寄存器，从而不能修改 FLASH 中的内容。  我们可以参考<a href="STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99/04STM32%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99/STM32F10xxx%E9%97%AA%E5%AD%98%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C.pdf">STM32F10xxx闪存编程参考手册</a>的2.3.2 解除闪存锁。所以对 FLASH 写入数据前，需要先给它解锁，也就是通过写入特定的序列到 FLASH_KEYR 寄存器可以打开 FPEC 模块（即写入 KEY1 和 KEY2）。解锁的操作步骤如下  ：</p>
<p>(1) 往 FPEC 键寄存器 FLASH_KEYR 中写入 KEY1 &#x3D; 0x45670123</p>
<p>(2) 再往 FPEC 键寄存器 FLASH_KEYR 中写入 KEY2 &#x3D; 0xCDEF89AB  </p>
<p>只有在写保护被解除后，我们才能操作相关寄存器，这 叫Unlock。需要注意的是键值不正确会产生总线错误。</p>
<h3 id="1-2-解锁函数"><a href="#1-2-解锁函数" class="headerlink" title="1.2 解锁函数"></a><font size=3>1.2 解锁函数</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @brief  Unlock the FLASH control register access</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @retval HAL Status</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  */</span></span><br><span class="line">HAL_StatusTypeDef <span class="title function_">HAL_FLASH_Unlock</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">void</span>)</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="2-上锁"><a href="#2-上锁" class="headerlink" title="2. 上锁"></a><font size=3>2. 上锁</font></h2><h3 id="2-1-上锁步骤"><a href="#2-1-上锁步骤" class="headerlink" title="2.1 上锁步骤"></a><font size=3>2.1 上锁步骤</font></h3><p>当我们操作完成后，我们还可以将内部FLASH上锁，我们向FLASH的CR寄存器的LOCK位写1即可完成上锁。</p>
<h3 id="2-2-上锁函数"><a href="#2-2-上锁函数" class="headerlink" title="2.2 上锁函数"></a><font size=3>2.2 上锁函数</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @brief  Locks the FLASH control register access</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @retval HAL Status</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  */</span></span><br><span class="line">HAL_StatusTypeDef <span class="title function_">HAL_FLASH_Lock</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">void</span>)</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="3-页擦除"><a href="#3-页擦除" class="headerlink" title="3. 页擦除"></a><font size=3>3. 页擦除</font></h2><h3 id="3-1-页擦除步骤"><a href="#3-1-页擦除步骤" class="headerlink" title="3.1 页擦除步骤"></a><font size=3>3.1 页擦除步骤</font></h3><p>在写入新的数据前，需要先擦除存储区域， STM32 提供了页（扇区）擦除指令和整个 FLASH 擦除 (批量擦除) 的指令，批量擦除指令仅针对主存储区。我们可以看一下<a href="STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99/04STM32%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99/STM32F10xxx%E9%97%AA%E5%AD%98%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C.pdf">STM32F10xxx闪存编程参考手册</a>的2.3.4 闪存擦除一节，这里有一个流程图：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV16-STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV16-27-%E5%86%85%E9%83%A8Flash-02-Flash%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B/img/image-20230530193337267.png" alt="image-20230530193337267" style="zoom:67%;" />

<p>（1）检查FLASH_CR的LOCK是否解锁，如果没有则先解锁</p>
<p>（2）检查 FLASH_SR 寄存器中的“忙碌寄存器位 BSY”，也就是 bit[0]，以确认当前未执行任何 Flash 操作；</p>
<p>（3）在 FLASH_CR 寄存器中，将“激活页擦除寄存器位PER ”置 1，也就是将bit[1]置 1 ；</p>
<p>（4）用FLASH_AR寄存器选择要擦除的页（该寄存器表示了要操作的地址，也叫闪存地址寄存器）；</p>
<p>（5）将 FLASH_CR 寄存器中的“开始擦除寄存器位 STRT ”置 1，也就是将 bit[6] 置 1 ，然后就会开始擦除；</p>
<p>（6）等待 BSY 位被清零时，表示擦除完成。</p>
<p>（7）读出被擦除的页并做验证。</p>
<h3 id="3-2-页擦除函数"><a href="#3-2-页擦除函数" class="headerlink" title="3.2 页擦除函数"></a><font size=3>3.2 页擦除函数</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @brief  Perform a mass erase or erase the specified FLASH memory pages</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @note   To correctly run this function, the @ref HAL_FLASH_Unlock() function</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  *         must be called before.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  *         Call the @ref HAL_FLASH_Lock() to disable the flash memory access </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  *         (recommended to protect the FLASH memory against possible unwanted operation)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @param[in]  pEraseInit pointer to an FLASH_EraseInitTypeDef structure that</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  *         contains the configuration information for the erasing.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @param[out]  PageError pointer to variable  that</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  *         contains the configuration information on faulty page in case of error</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  *         (0xFFFFFFFF means that all the pages have been correctly erased)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @retval HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL Status</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  */</span></span><br><span class="line">HAL_StatusTypeDef <span class="title function_">HAL_FLASHEx_Erase</span><span class="params">(FLASH_EraseInitTypeDef *pEraseInit, <span class="type">uint32_t</span> *PageError)</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>本函数包含两个输入参数，分别是擦除flash初始化结构体和返回擦除出错编码，FLASH_EraseInitTypeDef 擦除 flash 初始化结构体主要包含擦除的方式，是扇区擦除还是批量擦除，选择不同电压时实质是选择不同的数据操作位数，并且确定擦除首地址即擦除的扇区个数。函数根据输入参数配置 PSIZE 位，然后擦除扇区，擦除扇区的时候需要等待一段时间，它使用 FLASH_WaitForLastOperation 等待，擦除完成的时候才会退出 HAL_FLASHEx_Erase 函数。  </p>
<h2 id="4-写入数据"><a href="#4-写入数据" class="headerlink" title="4. 写入数据"></a><font size=3>4. 写入数据</font></h2><h3 id="4-1-写入步骤"><a href="#4-1-写入步骤" class="headerlink" title="4.1 写入步骤"></a><font size=3>4.1 写入步骤</font></h3><p>擦除完毕后即可写入数据，写入数据的过程并不是仅仅使用指针向地址赋值，赋值前还还需要配置一系列的寄存器， 我们可以参考<a href="STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99/04STM32%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99/STM32F10xxx%E9%97%AA%E5%AD%98%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C.pdf">STM32F10xxx闪存编程参考手册</a>的2.3.3 主闪存编程一节：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV16-STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV16-27-%E5%86%85%E9%83%A8Flash-02-Flash%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B/img/image-20230530195159373.png" alt="image-20230530195159373" style="zoom:67%;" />

<p>对主闪存编程每次可以写入16位。当FLASH_CR寄存器的PG位为’1’时，在一个闪存地址写入 一个半字将启动一次编程；<strong>写入任何非半字的数据，FPEC都会产生总线错误</strong>。在编程过程中 (BSY位为’1’)，任何读写闪存的操作都会使CPU暂停，直到此次闪存编程结束。</p>
<p>（1）检查FLASH_CR的LOCK是否解锁，如果没有则先解锁。</p>
<p>（2）检查FLASH_SR寄存器的BSY位，以确认没有其他正在进行的编程操作。</p>
<p>（3）设置FLASH_CR寄存器的PG位为 1 在指定的地址写入要编程的<strong>半字</strong>，也就是每次只能以 16 位（32位处理器下，一个字是32位，半字就是16位，也就是2个字节）的方式写入。</p>
<p>（4）等待BSY位变为 0 。</p>
<p>（5）读出写入的地址并验证数据。</p>
<h3 id="4-2-写入函数"><a href="#4-2-写入函数" class="headerlink" title="4.2 写入函数"></a><font size=3>4.2 写入函数</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @brief  Program halfword, word or double word at a specified address</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @note   The function HAL_FLASH_Unlock() should be called before to unlock the FLASH interface</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  *         The function HAL_FLASH_Lock() should be called after to lock the FLASH interface</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @note   If an erase and a program operations are requested simultaneously,    </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  *         the erase operation is performed before the program one.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  *  </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @note   FLASH should be previously erased before new programmation (only exception to this </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  *         is when 0x0000 is programmed)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @param  TypeProgram:  Indicate the way to program at a specified address.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  *                       This parameter can be a value of @ref FLASH_Type_Program</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @param  Address:      Specifies the address to be programmed.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @param  Data:         Specifies the data to be programmed</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @retval HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL Status</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  */</span></span><br><span class="line">HAL_StatusTypeDef <span class="title function_">HAL_FLASH_Program</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">uint32_t</span> TypeProgram, <span class="type">uint32_t</span> Address, <span class="type">uint64_t</span> Data)</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>形参依次设置了数据操作宽度，写入数据地址，写入的数据。在赋值操作后，调用了 FLASH_WaitForLastOperation 函数等待写操作完毕。 </p>
<h2 id="5-读取数据"><a href="#5-读取数据" class="headerlink" title="5. 读取数据"></a><font size=3>5. 读取数据</font></h2><h3 id="5-1-读取步骤"><a href="#5-1-读取步骤" class="headerlink" title="5.1 读取步骤"></a><font size=3>5.1 读取步骤</font></h3><p>读取数据就比较简单了，我们直接定义一个指针，指针指向想要读的地址，就可以直接读取了。</p>
<h3 id="5-2-读取函数"><a href="#5-2-读取函数" class="headerlink" title="5.2 读取函数"></a><font size=3>5.2 读取函数</font></h3><p>在HAL库或者标准库中是没有提供读内部Flash数据的函数的，我们可以自己封装一个.</p>
<ul>
<li>读取半字数据（16位）</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">uint16_t</span> <span class="title function_">internalFLASH_ReadHalfWord</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">uint32_t</span> faddr)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> *(__IO <span class="type">unit16_t</span>* )faddr; </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="6-读写实例"><a href="#6-读写实例" class="headerlink" title="6. 读写实例"></a><font size=3>6. 读写实例</font></h2><p>具体的可以看<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://gitee.com/sumumm/stm32f103-prj/commit/944a6a2cd359b984cf5f63b9b7cd29b6cc056efb">feat:读写内部Flash测试(MDK工程) · 944a6a2 · sumumm&#x2F;STM32F103-Prj - Gitee.com</a></p>
<h3 id="6-1-相关宏定义"><a href="#6-1-相关宏定义" class="headerlink" title="6.1 相关宏定义"></a><font size=3>6.1 相关宏定义</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 用户根据自己的需要设置</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">define</span> internalFLASH_SIZE 512    <span class="comment">// 所选STM32的FLASH容量大小(单位为K)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">define</span> internalFLASH_WREN 1      <span class="comment">// 使能FLASH写入(0，不是能;1，使能)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">define</span> FLASH_WAITETIME    50000  <span class="comment">// FLASH等待超时时间</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//FLASH起始地址</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">define</span> internalFLASH_BASE 0x08000000 <span class="comment">//STM32 FLASH的起始地址</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="6-2-读取半字数据"><a href="#6-2-读取半字数据" class="headerlink" title="6.2 读取半字数据"></a><font size=3>6.2 读取半字数据</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @brief  读取指定地址的半字(16位) 数据</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @note   32位单片机的话，一个字是32位，半字是16位</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @param  faddr 要读取的地址，32位地址 </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @retval 返回一个16位数据</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">uint16_t</span> <span class="title function_">internalFLASH_ReadHalfWord</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">uint32_t</span> faddr)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> *(__IO <span class="type">uint16_t</span>*)faddr; </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="6-3-不检查擦除的写入"><a href="#6-3-不检查擦除的写入" class="headerlink" title="6.3 不检查擦除的写入"></a><font size=3>6.3 不检查擦除的写入</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @brief  不检查是否擦除，直接写入半字数据</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @note   注意：数据个数按半字(16位)计算</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @param  WriteAddr 起始地址</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @param  pBuffer 数据指针</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @param  NumToWrite 要写入的数据的半字(16位)数，字节数x2   </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @retval </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title function_">internalFLASH_Write_NoCheck</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">uint32_t</span> WriteAddr, <span class="type">uint16_t</span> *pBuffer, <span class="type">uint16_t</span> NumToWrite)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">uint16_t</span> i;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (i = <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; NumToWrite; i++)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        HAL_FLASH_Program(FLASH_TYPEPROGRAM_HALFWORD, WriteAddr, pBuffer[i]);</span><br><span class="line">        WriteAddr += <span class="number">2</span>; <span class="comment">// 地址增加2，每次写入16位数据</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="6-4-写入指定半字数的数据"><a href="#6-4-写入指定半字数的数据" class="headerlink" title="6.4 写入指定半字数的数据"></a><font size=3>6.4 写入指定半字数的数据</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">if</span> internalFLASH_SIZE &lt; 256</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">define</span> internalFLASH_SECTOR_SIZE 1024 <span class="comment">// 字节</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">else</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">define</span> internalFLASH_SECTOR_SIZE 2048</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">endif</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">uint16_t</span> internalFLASH_BUF[internalFLASH_SECTOR_SIZE / <span class="number">2</span>]; <span class="comment">// 最多是2K字节,每个数据是16位，所以大小定义为扇区的一半</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @brief  从指定地址开始写入指定长度的数据</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @note   注意：数据个数按半字(16位)计算</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @param  WriteAddr 起始地址(此地址必须为2的倍数!!)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @param  pBuffer 数据指针</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @param  NumToWrite 要写入的半字(16位)数(就是要写入的16位数据的个数)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @retval </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title function_">internalFLASH_Write</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">uint32_t</span> WriteAddr, <span class="type">uint16_t</span> *pBuffer, <span class="type">uint16_t</span> NumToWrite)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">uint32_t</span> secpos;    <span class="comment">// 扇区地址</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">uint16_t</span> secoff;    <span class="comment">// 扇区内偏移地址(16位字计算)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">uint16_t</span> secremain; <span class="comment">// 扇区内剩余地址(16位字计算)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">uint16_t</span> i;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">uint32_t</span> offaddr;   <span class="comment">//去掉 0X08000000 后的地址，也就是相对于 0X08000000 的偏移地址</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (WriteAddr &lt; internalFLASH_BASE || (WriteAddr &gt;= (internalFLASH_BASE + <span class="number">1024</span> * internalFLASH_SIZE)))</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span>; <span class="comment">// 非法地址</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    HAL_FLASH_Unlock();                                 <span class="comment">// 解锁</span></span><br><span class="line">    offaddr = WriteAddr - internalFLASH_BASE;           <span class="comment">// 计算实际偏移地址，要写入的地址 - 0x0800 0000</span></span><br><span class="line">    secpos = offaddr / internalFLASH_SECTOR_SIZE;       <span class="comment">// 计算要写的地址是哪个扇区，也就是页，偏移地址/2048即可。扇区地址 0~255 for STM32F103ZET6</span></span><br><span class="line">    secoff = (offaddr % internalFLASH_SECTOR_SIZE) / <span class="number">2</span>; <span class="comment">// 在扇区内的偏移(2个字节为基本单位.)</span></span><br><span class="line">    secremain = internalFLASH_SECTOR_SIZE / <span class="number">2</span> - secoff; <span class="comment">// 计算扇区剩余空间大小</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (NumToWrite &lt;= secremain)                        <span class="comment">// 判断整个页中剩下的空间是否足够写入我们要写入的数据</span></span><br><span class="line">        secremain = NumToWrite; <span class="comment">// 要写的数据长度不大于该扇区范围的话，我们将剩余长度设置为要写入的长度</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">while</span> (<span class="number">1</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        internalFLASH_Read(secpos * internalFLASH_SECTOR_SIZE + internalFLASH_BASE, internalFLASH_BUF, internalFLASH_SECTOR_SIZE / <span class="number">2</span>); <span class="comment">// 读出整个扇区的内容</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">for</span> (i = <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; secremain; i++)     <span class="comment">//校验数据，判断我们要写的区域中的数据是否都是0xFFFF                                                                                            // 校验数据</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (internalFLASH_BUF[secoff + i] != <span class="number">0XFFFF</span>)</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">break</span>; <span class="comment">// 需要擦除</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (i &lt; secremain) <span class="comment">// 需要擦除</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 这里的擦除操作也可以使用 HAL_FLASHEx_Erase() 函数，它包含了下边的三个步骤</span></span><br><span class="line">            FLASH_PageErase(secpos * internalFLASH_SECTOR_SIZE + internalFLASH_BASE); <span class="comment">// 擦除这个扇区</span></span><br><span class="line">            FLASH_WaitForLastOperation(FLASH_WAITETIME);                              <span class="comment">// 等待上次操作完成</span></span><br><span class="line">            CLEAR_BIT(FLASH-&gt;CR, FLASH_CR_PER);                                       <span class="comment">// 清除CR寄存器的PER位，此操作应该在FLASH_PageErase()中完成！</span></span><br><span class="line">                                                                                      <span class="comment">// 但是HAL库里面并没有做，因为HAL库一般使用HAL_FLASHEx_Erase()来擦除</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">for</span> (i = <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; secremain; i++) <span class="comment">/// 复制要写入的数据到缓冲区</span></span><br><span class="line">            &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                internalFLASH_BUF[i + secoff] = pBuffer[i]; <span class="comment">// 直接从偏移的位置复制数据，保护了其他不需要被覆盖的数据</span></span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            internalFLASH_Write_NoCheck(secpos * internalFLASH_SECTOR_SIZE + internalFLASH_BASE, internalFLASH_BUF, internalFLASH_SECTOR_SIZE / <span class="number">2</span>); <span class="comment">// 写入整个扇区</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            FLASH_WaitForLastOperation(FLASH_WAITETIME);                <span class="comment">// 等待上次操作完成</span></span><br><span class="line">            internalFLASH_Write_NoCheck(WriteAddr, pBuffer, secremain); <span class="comment">// 写已经擦除了的,直接写入扇区剩余区间.</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (NumToWrite == secremain)</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">break</span>; <span class="comment">// 写入结束了</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">else</span>       <span class="comment">// 写入未结束</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            secpos++;                   <span class="comment">// 扇区地址增1</span></span><br><span class="line">            secoff = <span class="number">0</span>;                 <span class="comment">// 偏移位置为0</span></span><br><span class="line">            pBuffer += secremain;       <span class="comment">// 指针偏移</span></span><br><span class="line">            WriteAddr += secremain * <span class="number">2</span>; <span class="comment">// 写地址偏移(16位数据地址,需要*2)</span></span><br><span class="line">            NumToWrite -= secremain;    <span class="comment">// 字节(16位)数递减</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (NumToWrite &gt; (internalFLASH_SECTOR_SIZE / <span class="number">2</span>))</span><br><span class="line">                secremain = internalFLASH_SECTOR_SIZE / <span class="number">2</span>; <span class="comment">// 下一个扇区还是写不完</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line">                secremain = NumToWrite; <span class="comment">// 下一个扇区可以写完了</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    HAL_FLASH_Lock(); <span class="comment">// 上锁</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">endif</span></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="6-5-读取指定半字数的数据"><a href="#6-5-读取指定半字数的数据" class="headerlink" title="6.5 读取指定半字数的数据"></a><font size=3>6.5 读取指定半字数的数据</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @brief  从指定地址开始读出指定长度的数据</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @note   注意：数据个数按半字(16位)计算</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @param  ReadAddr 起始地址</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @param  pBuffer 数据指针</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @param  NumToWrite 半字(16位)数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @retval </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title function_">internalFLASH_Read</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">uint32_t</span> ReadAddr, <span class="type">uint16_t</span> *pBuffer, <span class="type">uint16_t</span> NumToRead)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">uint16_t</span> i;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (i = <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; NumToRead; i++)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        pBuffer[i] = internalFLASH_ReadHalfWord(ReadAddr); <span class="comment">// 读取2个字节.</span></span><br><span class="line">        ReadAddr += <span class="number">2</span>;                                     <span class="comment">// 偏移2个字节.</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="6-6-测试函数"><a href="#6-6-测试函数" class="headerlink" title="6.6 测试函数"></a><font size=3>6.6 测试函数</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title function_">internalFlash_Test</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">void</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">const</span> <span class="type">uint8_t</span> TEXT_Buffer[] = &#123;<span class="string">&quot;STM32F103 FLASH TEST!!!!&quot;</span>&#125;;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">uint16_t</span> datatemp[<span class="number">32</span>];</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">uint32_t</span> FLASH_SAVE_ADDR = <span class="number">0X08070000</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    internalFLASH_Write(FLASH_SAVE_ADDR, (<span class="type">uint16_t</span> *)TEXT_Buffer, <span class="keyword">sizeof</span>(TEXT_Buffer)/<span class="number">2</span>+((<span class="keyword">sizeof</span>(TEXT_Buffer)%<span class="number">2</span>)?<span class="number">1</span>:<span class="number">0</span>));</span><br><span class="line">    internalFLASH_Read(FLASH_SAVE_ADDR, (<span class="type">uint16_t</span> *)datatemp, <span class="keyword">sizeof</span>(TEXT_Buffer)/<span class="number">2</span>+((<span class="keyword">sizeof</span>(TEXT_Buffer)%<span class="number">2</span>)?<span class="number">1</span>:<span class="number">0</span>));</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;TEXT_Buffer:%d, %d, data:%s\r\n&quot;</span>, <span class="keyword">sizeof</span>(TEXT_Buffer), <span class="keyword">sizeof</span>(TEXT_Buffer)/<span class="number">2</span>+((<span class="keyword">sizeof</span>(TEXT_Buffer)%<span class="number">2</span>)?<span class="number">1</span>:<span class="number">0</span>), (<span class="type">char</span> *)datatemp);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="二、内部Flash的读写保护"><a href="#二、内部Flash的读写保护" class="headerlink" title="二、内部Flash的读写保护"></a><font size=3>二、内部Flash的读写保护</font></h1><h2 id="1-库函数说明"><a href="#1-库函数说明" class="headerlink" title="1. 库函数说明"></a><font size=3>1. 库函数说明</font></h2><h3 id="1-1-选项字节上锁、解锁"><a href="#1-1-选项字节上锁、解锁" class="headerlink" title="1.1 选项字节上锁、解锁"></a><font size=3>1.1 选项字节上锁、解锁</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @brief  Lock the FLASH Option Control Registers access.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @retval HAL Status </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  */</span></span><br><span class="line">HAL_StatusTypeDef <span class="title function_">HAL_FLASH_OB_Lock</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">void</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @brief  Unlock the FLASH Option Control Registers access.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @retval HAL Status</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  */</span></span><br><span class="line">HAL_StatusTypeDef <span class="title function_">HAL_FLASH_OB_Unlock</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">void</span>)</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>解锁的时候，它对 FLASH_OPTCR 寄存器写入两个解锁参数，上锁的时候，对 FLASH_OPTCR 寄存器的 FLASH_OPTCR_OPTLOCK 位置 1。  </p>
<h3 id="1-2-设置选项字节函数"><a href="#1-2-设置选项字节函数" class="headerlink" title="1.2 设置选项字节函数  "></a><font size=3>1.2 设置选项字节函数  </font></h3><p>解锁后设置选项字节寄存器可以先初始化 FLASH_OBProgramInitTypeDef 结构体，然后调用 HAL_FLASHEx_OBProgram 完成。  </p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @brief  Program option bytes</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @note   The function @ref HAL_FLASH_Unlock() should be called before to unlock the FLASH interface</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  *         The function @ref HAL_FLASH_OB_Unlock() should be called before to unlock the options bytes</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  *         The function @ref HAL_FLASH_OB_Launch() should be called after to force the reload of the options bytes</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  *         (system reset will occur)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @param  pOBInit pointer to an FLASH_OBInitStruct structure that</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  *         contains the configuration information for the programming.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @retval HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL Status</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  */</span></span><br><span class="line">HAL_StatusTypeDef <span class="title function_">HAL_FLASHEx_OBProgram</span><span class="params">(FLASH_OBProgramInitTypeDef *pOBInit)</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>该函数根据输入选项字节结构体 FLASH_OBProgramInitTypeDef 参数设置寄存器响应的位，特别注意，其注释警告了若 RDPLevel 位配置成 OB_RDP_LEVEL_2 会无法恢复。  </p>
<h3 id="1-3-写入选项字节"><a href="#1-3-写入选项字节" class="headerlink" title="1.3 写入选项字节  "></a><font size=3>1.3 写入选项字节  </font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @brief  Launch the option byte loading.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @note   This function will reset automatically the MCU.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * @retval None</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title function_">HAL_FLASH_OB_Launch</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">void</span>)</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>该函数设置 FLASH_OPTCR_OPTSTRT 位后调用了 FLASH_WaitForLastOperation 函数等待写入完成，并返回写入状态，若操作正常，它会返回 FLASH_COMPLETE。  </p>
<h2 id="2-读写保护测试"><a href="#2-读写保护测试" class="headerlink" title="2. 读写保护测试"></a><font size=3>2. 读写保护测试</font></h2><p>这里就没实际操作了，后边有需要再补充吧。</p>

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